Gitlab新建用户无法收到邮件的问题解决办法

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前言

这个问题网上解决的帖子很多，根本原因就是配置错误，修改好配置就可以了，我也没有其他的更加新奇的解决办法，之所以再总结一遍只是为了自己统一查找方便，同时把一些差异点记录一下，因为版本和运行环境的不同，可能跟网上的解决方案有一点点差异，先写答案再聊不同吧。

解决方案

  1. 开启企业微信邮箱（QQ邮箱、163邮箱亦可）的POP3/SMTP服务，获取授权码

  2. 修改gitlab的配置文件 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 如下

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gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "gitlab@gameup.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "授权码"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = false
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true

gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = 'gitlab@gameup.com'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'Gitlab'

  1. 重新加载配置生效 gitlab-ctl reconfigure，等待执行完成

  2. 利用gitlab测试配置是否成功

    • 执行 gitlab-rails console进入控制台，我的机器性能较差，多等一会看到命令提示符
    • 输入后面面的命令 Notify.test_email('收件人邮箱', '邮件标题', '正文').deliver_now 发送一封测试邮件
    • 若成功过则收到测试邮件，失败则会在控制台显示错误消息，根据错误信息检查和修改配置即可

遇到的错误

我修改配置的旅程也不是一帆风顺的，期间也遇到的了几个错误，都是在 Notify.test_email 测试之后发现有问题，逐步修改的

域名解析问题

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Notify.test_email('shz@gamegu.com', 'Test Email', 'This is a test email from GitLab').deliver_now
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Ruby:         ruby 3.2.5 (2024-07-26 revision 31d0f1a2e7) [x86_64-linux]
 GitLab:       17.5.1 (e8dca573167) FOSS
 GitLab Shell: 14.39.0
 PostgreSQL:   14.11
------------------------------------------------------------[ booted in 61.07s ]
Loading production environment (Rails 7.0.8.4)
Delivered mail 67248a5c847e9_6f32fe445660@gitlab.gamegu.com.mail (20023.7ms)
/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/3.2.0/socket.rb:231:in getaddrinfo': getaddrinfo: Temporary failure in name resolution (SocketError)
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/3.2.0/socket.rb:231:in foreach'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/3.2.0/socket.rb:635:in tcp'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:643:in tcp_socket'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:656:in do_start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:611:in start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/config/initializers/mail_starttls_patch.rb:53:in start_smtp_session'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:100:in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:2145:in do_delivery'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in block in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:588:in block in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in block in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:586:in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/message_delivery.rb:119:in block in deliver_now'
        ... 15 levels...
irb(main):002:0>

解决办法

修改 /etc/resolv.conf 来指定自己服务器的DNS，通用的可以使用 nameserver 8.8.8.8

邮箱认证问题

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/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1076:in check_response': 501 mail from address must be same as authorization user (Net::SMTPSyntaxError)
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1044:in getok'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:945:in mailfrom'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:767:in send_message'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp_connection.rb:53:in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:101:in block in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:612:in start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/config/initializers/mail_starttls_patch.rb:53:in start_smtp_session'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:100:in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:2145:in do_delivery'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in block in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:588:in block in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in block in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:586:in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in deliver'
        ... 16 levels...

解决方案

smtp 配置中应该填写正确的邮箱和授权码，同时 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 中设置 gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] 与 gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] 一致

端口配置互斥

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gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] and gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] are mutually exclusive. Set one of them to false. SMTP providers usually use port 465 for TLS and port 587 for STARTTLS.

解决方案

这个错误表明在 GitLab 的配置文件中同时启用了 smtp_tls 和 smtp_enable_starttls_auto 选项，但它们是互斥的，只能选择其中一个设置为 true，如果使用 TLS（通常是端口 465）仅将 smtp_tls 选项设置为 true，如果使用 STARTTLS（通常是端口 587）只能将 smtp_enable_starttls_auto 设置为true。

关于gitlab的参数，有一个external_url 表示gitlab的访问域名，可以配置为 external_url 'http://gitlab.gameup.com'，而这个域名也可以在定义容器时通过 --hostname 指定

运行环境

我的Gitlab不是在服务器上直接安装的，而是通过Docker安装的gitlab镜像，服务器是CentOS7系统，gitlab组件相关版本如下：

Components

GitLab v17.5.1
GitLab Shell 14.39.0
GitLab Workhorse v17.5.1
GitLab API v4
GitLab KAS 17.5.1
Ruby 3.2.5p208
Rails 7.0.8.4
PostgreSQL (main) 14.11
PostgreSQL (ci) 14.11
Redis 7.0.15

正因为我是通过Dokcer安装的，所以上面的很多命令需要到容器中执行，也就是得先执行 docker exec -it gitlab /bin/bash

而通过Docker安装gitlab的命令也列举一下：

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docker run --detach \
  --hostname gitlab.gameup.com \
  --publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 22:22 \
  --name gitlab \
  --restart always \
  --volume /export/docker/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \
  --volume /export/docker/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
  --volume /export/docker/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
  registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/z5z/gitlab-ce:latest

不要问我这个镜像名字为什么这样古怪，那么因为DockerHub镜像在当前的网络环境下实在难以下载，不得不借助Github的Actions和阿里云的镜像完成中转，可以利用这个开源项目 进行中转

docker安装

上面说了镜像难装，实际上现在连Docker的安装也需要费点劲，我曾经在AWS上安装过一些Docker镜像，那丝滑的程度真的跟教科书写的一模一样，但是在我目前所处的网络注定要一波三折了，CentOS7的系统可以按照下面的步骤操作了。

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# 备份源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# yum使用阿里云
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
sudo yum makecache

# 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo yum install -y wget yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# 添加软件源信息
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 修改源
sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 更新并安装Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
# 开启Docker服务
sudo systemctl start docker

总结

  • gitlab的配置文件为 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb， 发邮件需要配置 smtp 和 email 参数
  • smtp_tls 和 smtp_enable_starttls_auto 选项是互斥的，只能选择其中一个设置为 true
  • 进入到docker镜像内部的命令为 docker exec -it gitlab /bin/bash
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2024-11-4 20:34:11

Albert Shi wechat
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